CUTTING OIL
INTRODUCTION:
Cutting oil is used to lubricate and cool during cutting, filling and sawing. Lathe machines, woodwork machines and other equipment use it in cutting and filling.
RAW MATERIALS:
1. Oleic Acid
2. Spindle oil
3. Potash
4. Butanol
5. TEA
6. Mineral oil etc.
FORMULATION:
Spindle oil 10 parts e.g. 20 litres
Oleic Acid 1.2 parts e.g 2.4 litres
Butanol 0.7 parts e.g 1.4 litres
TEA 0.05 parts e.g. 0.1 litres
Potash 4.5 parts e.g 9.0 KG
TOTAL 16.3 PARTS 32.5 LITRES
EQUIPMENT:
As in penetrating oil or other lubricants
PRODUCTION: Requires good skill.
The oleic acid is first mixed with the potash to form soap. The spindle oil is then added to soften the soap formed. Butanol and TEA are added to blend with the product. This operation takes about 50 minutes for a batch of about 100 litres and less for the batch above (i.e. 32.5 litres).
Quality Parameter:
Test as in penetration oil.
PRODUCTION OF AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION FLUID
Introduction: ATF is a lubricant in the automation gear system. It is an oily liquid lubricant that comes in reddish or orange colours mainly. There are some in neutral colour. It is packed in plastic and metal cans as required by the major consumers.
USAGE:
Modern cars and other vehicles are fast turning to automatic gear system. The use of ATF will therefore continue to be oon the increase. In Nigeria, presently two out of every four road worthy vehicles are of the automatic gear system. This means that the market here in Nigeria is very big and will continue to grow. Other auto based machines use ATF.
RAW MATERIALS:
1. Neutral oils: These are synthetic base oils used as lubricant and for other purpose. Good ones are polyalphaolefin oil (PAO) and sulfolene.
2. Paraffin oils: They include mineral oil, technical white oil, and transformer oil among others.
3. Fuel oils: they include diesel, kerosene, and white spirit.
4. Glycols: Propylene glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, etc are used as antirust and heat suppressants.
5. Colorant: Oil red, green, orange, yellow, blue can be used.
Equipment & Tools:
1. Low speed mixer (about 300 r.p.m) or manual mixer can also be used
2. Storage tanks of plastic or stainless steel
3. measuring cylinder or other device
4. filling & sealing unit (optional)
5. personal protective equipment (PPE)
6. Other tools like laboratory testing tools etc as affordable.
Packaging Materials:
1. Bottles and jars of ½ litre, 2 litres, 4 litres, 20 litres, etc
2. Labels or prints on bottles
3. Cartons or film laminates.
a. Production Methods
Formulation: 20 litres Batch
A. Synthetic Base oil (e.g sulfolene) 8 litres
Polyalphaolefin oil (PAO) 6 litres
Mineral oil (Technical) 4 litres
Glycerin 2 litres
Red oil colorant ½ tsp or QS
TOTAL 20 litres
Note:
(a) This formulation is a high quality one but it is also expensive. Colour can be other types or optional.
(b) Neutral base oil (e.g. PAO) 10 litres
Mineral oil 8 litres
1 ransformer oil or diesel 2 litres
Colorant (oil type) QS
TOTAL 20 LITRES
(c) Base oil (Neutral) 14 Litres
Diesel 4 litres
D.O.K. 1 ½ Litre
Propylene Glycol ½ litre
Colourant (oil type) Q.S.
TOTAL 20 LITRES
Note: D.O.K. means deodorized kerosene. In cheaper formulation, propylene glycol can be omitted to reduce the cost. However, the quality is also reduce. Formulation (A) is better than (B) and B is also better than (C). tsp means teaspoonful, while TSP means tablespoonful. If PAO is replaced with petrochemical base oil, a good and cheap local version of ATF is obtained as in C.
(B) Processing
The processing method is very easy. The materials needed are measured out and mixed in a stainless or plastic tank. The speed should not be higher than 300 r.p.m. the mixing may take about 10-20 minutes if the quantity is between 20 litres and 500 litres. Higher quantity may just take a little more time. The well mixed product is packed as desired by the market.
© Quality Parameters
Product should meet API and SAE specifications. These includes 20 – 39 sec. in Zham. No. 4. Flash point not below 660C. Boiling point, not below 2120C.
The product should be able to reduce operating temperature extend bearing and bushing life span and inhibit corrosion.
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